Heat pumps are one of the most popular heating systems in Virginia—and for good reason. They’re energy-efficient, cost-effective, and well suited for our typically mild winters. However, when temperatures dip below freezing, many homeowners notice their heat pump struggling to keep their home comfortable.
If you’ve ever wondered why your heat pump feels like it’s blowing cool air or why your emergency heat seems to run nonstop, you’re not alone. Understanding how heat pumps work in cold weather can help you spot problems early and know when to call a professional.
How Heat Pumps Work in Cold Weather
Heat pumps don’t generate heat the way furnaces do. Instead, they move heat from the outdoor air into your home. Even cold air contains some heat energy, but as outdoor temperatures drop, there’s less heat available to transfer. This makes the system work harder and less efficiently.
In Virginia, most standard heat pumps operate efficiently until temperatures fall into the low 30s. When it gets colder than that, the system may need assistance from auxiliary or emergency heat.
Common Reasons Heat Pumps Struggle in Freezing Temperatures
Normal Cold-Weather Limitations
During freezing conditions, it’s normal for a heat pump to run longer cycles and have difficulty reaching the thermostat set point. This alone doesn’t mean something is wrong.
Frequent Emergency Heat Use
Emergency heat is a backup heating source designed to help when outdoor temperatures are too low. While effective, it uses significantly more electricity. Frequent use often results in higher energy bills and may indicate system inefficiency.
Dirty Filters or Restricted Airflow
Clogged air filters reduce airflow, making it harder for warm air to circulate. This can cause poor heating performance and even system icing.
Ice Buildup on the Outdoor Unit
Heat pumps are designed to defrost periodically, but excessive ice buildup can signal airflow issues, defrost cycle problems, or mechanical failure.
Low Refrigerant Levels
Refrigerant is essential for heat transfer. Low levels reduce heating capacity and usually point to a leak that requires professional repair.
Aging or Undersized Equipment
Older or improperly sized heat pumps may not be able to keep up with extended freezing temperatures common during Virginia cold snaps.
When to Call a Professional
You should contact a professional if your system is constantly running emergency heat, blowing cool air, icing over, or causing unusually high winter energy bills.
How Nelson’s Heating & Cooling Can Help
Nelson’s Heating & Cooling proudly serves Williamsburg, Newport News, New Kent, Toano, Lanexa, and surrounding Virginia communities. Our experienced technicians specialize in heat pump diagnostics, repairs, and winter maintenance to keep your system running efficiently.
Stay Comfortable This Winter
Heat pumps are a smart choice for Virginia homes, but freezing temperatures can expose weaknesses. If your heat pump is struggling, don’t wait for the problem to worsen. Contact Nelson’s Heating & Cooling for expert service and peace of mind.
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